Royal Geographical Society

Librarian- Eugene Rae

The Royal Geographical Society was created in 1830 as a bit of a gentlemen’s club.  Members would get together, eat dinner, and debate and discuss issues concerning geography and exploration.  Its goal was to promote the advancement of geographical science.  In the 180 years since its founding, the goal of the society has not changed.  But, now there is a larger focus on research, publishing, and the physical collection the society maintains.  The society’s collection is housed on site and maintained by the library there. 

The collection is open to the public for a cost of ten pounds, but educational users and members get in for free.  In 2004 the collection was reorganized and the Reading Room was opened.  Originally, there were four different collections with four different catalogs, now everything is in one catalog, which is also online.  The library has over 2 million items onsite; this includes around 1 million maps, half a million photos, 1,500 objects, and a quarter of a million books and periodicals. 

We had the opportunity to see some of the society’s more impressive catalog items.  When the society was created in 1830 there was a great deal of interest in finding the Northwest Passage.  Many of its members attempted to find this passage and brought back items from their adventures.  One of the most interesting items we were shown was a can of meat from the ship named the HMS Resolute.  The Resolute was commissioned to explore the artic but got stuck in the ice and was abandoned.  It eventually broke free and was found by an American ship.  The Americans returned the ship to England, and it was eventually decommissioned.  Wood from the ship was then used to make at least three desks one of which was given to the President of the United States.  The Resolute desk has been used by almost every president since, and to this day it still sits in the Oval Office. 

The Society has many items from both arctic and Antarctic explorations including supply lists, different styles of sunglasses, magazines printed on board different ships, a bible, and even a pair of Inuit boots.  But, the society also has item and materials from places other than the Arctic and Antarctic.  There are sketch maps drawn by Lawrence of Arabia, Charles Darwin’s pocket sexton and a number of maps and photos searching for the source of the Nile in Africa.    

Stratford-upon-Avon

There is a small town on the River Avon where 450 years ago one of the greatest playwrights to have ever lived was born.  William Shakespeare was born in Stratford and is buried there.  His tomb is accessible at the Church of the Holy Trinity right outside of the city.  Stratford is a very beautiful city surrounded by the river and canals.  There are small boats that line the rivers banks.  These boats often serve as homes, but some have been converted into small shops and restaurants. 

While in Stratford, I attempted to go to the Shakespeare Library, located in the same complex as Shakespeare’s birthplace, but it was closed.  So, I took this opportunity to do a little shopping.  Stratford has many small boutiques and I was able not only get a few souvenirs, but indulge in a little selfish shopping for clothes and shoes. 

After an afternoon of shopping, I went to a play….a Shakespeare play of course….well maybe.  I went to see Cardenio.  Originally it was called The History of Cardenio, and was known to be performed in London in 1613.  But, the original manuscript did not survive.  The play is considered to be one of Shakespeare’s two lost plays.  In 1727 a manuscript was published claiming to be this lost play of Shakespeare’s.  Even though its authenticity is still questioned, the play was really enjoyable.  I went into thinking that it was going to be either boring or really hard to understand, by the end, I was glad to be wrong on both accounts.  It’s pretty cool to say that I went to a Shakespeare play in his hometown…well maybe. 

Paris

There was an opportunity for British Studies Students to travel to Paris for one weekend.  I took this opportunity and am glad that I did.  Unfortunately, I did not fall in love with the “city of love”, in fact; I didn’t really like it at all.  But, I was able to look past my feelings of disgust at how dirty the city was and enjoy some of the many sights it had to offer.   

I was able to visit the Louvre Museum and see the Mona Lisa, but I found the actual building to be even more impressive than the paintings and artwork housed there.  The Louvre is a converted palace.  There have been expansions and additions to the original building, but old structure is truly remarkable.  A rather long walk away from the Louvre is the Eiffel Tower.  The tower was built in 1889 for the World’s Fair.  It was built to be taken down after the Fair, as it was only to show what steel and iron are capable of, but it became such a hit, that the city decided to keep it.  An even longer walk away is the Arc de Triomphe.  The Arc was built to honor all those who fought and died in the French Revolution and the Napoleonic Wars.  It also houses the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier from WW1.

My favorite site of the weekend though was Versailles.  Versailles was home to the French Monarchy from 1682 until the French Revolution forced the monarchy back to Paris in 1789.  The building itself is quite impressive; although, I believe it has been damaged and ransacked since it was last used in 1789 by the monarchy.  Many of the walls and some of the decorations appeared to be replicas.  But, I found the surrounding gardens to be the most impressive part of the palace.  Included in the gardens are numerous fountains, a Grand Canal, and the Marie Antoinette’s estate. 

Victoria & Albert Art Museum

The Victoria and Albert Art Library was founded in 1837, before the museum was even opened.  In 1850 the museum officially opened and the art library moved in.  The art library is unique in that it not only collects books, but all mediums associated with art.  Objects that can be found here include glass, textiles, ceramics, paintings and drawings.  The library does not function as a lending library and it is not open to the public, but it is fairly easy to get a membership.  There is an extensive periodicals section with over 8,000 titles, of the 8,000, 2,000 are current.   

The art library has an interesting way of cataloguing their books.  They are mostly organized by size because the library has a fairly large budget and is constantly taking in new materials.  The library is home to over 3,000 artist books.  We were able to view one of these books.  It was made entirely from rabbit fur.  The artist was making a statement on how we as humans kill animals for things other than food.  We were also able to see some of the Vogue magazine collection, which is one of the libraries larger periodicals collections.

On out tour of the library, we were able to see some impressive pieces in their collection.  The library is home to some of da Vinci’s originally manuscripts.  We were able to see a copy of original, as the actual original is too fragile for viewings.  But, we were able to see an original Dickens’s manuscript.  The library houses 11 of Dickens’s original 14 manuscripts.  They were left to the library by a friend of Dickens named John Forster.  Forster, left the library over 18,000 items.  It may seem odd that an art library collects things like this, but they are interested in the history of books and it’s not like they could really turn down something like and original Dickens manuscript. 

London Library

Librarian- Jane Oldfield, Head Librarian- Inez Lynn

The London Library first opened its doors in 1841, since this time, the library has amassed around one million books.  In other words, about 15 miles of shelving.  The libraries main focus is on Humanities and Arts, but they do have a great deal of books on other subjects.  It is the largest independent lending library in the world.  This basically means that members have to pay to use the library and its services.  Because of the libraries extensive resources, it has always had a few famous members.  Past members include Charles Darwin, Charles Dickens, Henry James, Winston Churchill (he also served as President of the library for a time), T.S. Eliot and Agatha Christie.  On our tour we were told that there are a few famous celebrities that are current members, including Robert Pattinson and Hugh Jackson.

There are currently about 8,000 members, this number includes both private members corporate bodies.  Because the library’s budget is completely dependent on member fees and donations, they are very responsive to their members.  Membership is open to all who can afford to pay the fees, although they do offer reduced fees to those that need it.  They have a very generous return policy; there are no late fees. 

Since its opening in the 1800s, London Library has gone through quite a few makeovers.  These changes are evident in the building as all of the sections look very different.  The art room has a very modern feel with glass balconies, but the literature section is dark with a steel floor.  This floor is quite spooky to walk on at first, you can see through holes in the material, which gives you a view of floors above and below you.

The collections housed in the London Library include books written in over 50 languages.  All of these books are shelved together by subject.  One unique thing about London Library (its only unique to the UK, its normal practice in the US) is the ability of the members to wander the stacks and pick out their own books.  Most the libraries here have patrons fill out cards with the names of the books they want and a librarian goes and retrieves them from stacks.  At London Library, members have access to all of the books and periodicals the library owns.  But, first the members have to figure out how the books are catalogued and organized.  The catalogue at London Library is unique to the library and is based on subject, within each subject; titles are alphabetically organized by author.  

I found the set up of the library to be very interesting.  Before this visit, I had not been to a library that charged its members.  But, if I had the money and lived in this city, I would probably join. 

The Old Royal Naval College

The Old Royal Naval College can be found on the banks of the Thames in an area called Greenwich.  The buildings here have a long history that dates back to Henry V.  Henry died young, so his young son took over the crown.  The new king’s regent decided that Greenwich would make a fine place to watch for invasions, since one could see both a land or see invasion from the spot.  The king grew up and married Queen Margaret who fell in love with Greenwich and decided to take it for her own.  Henry VII loved Greenwich too and decided to build the Palace of Placentia for his new wife.  This palace was a favorite to many royals including Henry VIII and his daughter Elizabeth I. 

After Henry VIII died, Elizabeth was given the Greenwich Palace.  She often stayed there waiting for her ships to return.  When Frances Drake captured a Spanish treasure, he brought it straight to Greenwich and asked Elizabeth to come aboard so that she could inspect it.  Before his arrival to Greenwich though, Spain had sent word to Elizabeth of the piracy and asked for Drake’s head in return for the treasure.  Upon boarding the ship, Elizabeth is said to have pulled a sword and Drake.  She knighted him instead of killing him and so he became Sir Frances Drake. 

When William and Mary took the throne, they wanted to build a naval hospital for old seaman.  So, Wren was hired to redesign the Palace into a large naval home.  The domes Wren built still stand today.  The site served as a naval hospital from 1705 to 1865.  When it closed, the Royal Naval College leased the buildings to use for training their officers.  When the Royal Naval College moved out in 1998, the buildings were to be leased on to educational institutions.  It currently houses the Trinity College of Music and the headquarters of the University of Greenwich.

There were so many interesting stories about the history of the campus and so many amazing things to see here.  There is a statue of Sir Walter Raleigh that faces toward North America.  The largest painted ceiling in Europe is here.  This room, called the painted chapel is where Lord Horatio Nelson’s body lay in state after his death.  In the basement, there is a skittle (bowling) alley built in 1860 to entertain the navy men.  The site is home to so much history. 

Stephen Lawrence Gallery

Curator- David Webb

The Stephen Lawrence Gallery was opened in the year 2000 to promote diversity in art at the University of Greenwich.  It is can be found at the Old Royal Naval College.  The gallery is named after a young black boy that was murdered in 1993.  Stephen’s murderers were never brought to trial which caused a public uproar.  In a report filed in 1999, investigators concluded that Stephen’s attack was racially motivated and that the police force did not fully investigate the case because of racial issues.  At the time of Stephen’s death, his mother was a student at the University of Greenwich.  In 2000 when the university decided to honour Stephen, his mother wanted his creativity to live on in an art gallery open to all.  So, in 2000, the Stephen Lawrence Gallery was opened to celebrate visual culture. 

The current exhibition at the Lawrence Gallery celebrates local history that has national importance.  In the late 1960s and 70s, groups of artists started buying and renting abandoned industrial buildings in Greenwich.  Uncaught Hares, in a series of works from artists that worked in Jeff Lowe’s studio in Greenwich from 1974 to 1994.  The current exhibit is artwork these artist have done post 1994.  This is the second exhibition from this group of artists.  The first was made up of pieces the artists completed during their time at the studio.  Along with the actual art pieces, various archival materials were shown. 

Webb informed us that many of the exhibitions they show in this gallery are shown with archival materials.  The exhibition we saw was done mainly by abstract artists.  I found some of the pieces to be interesting and even pretty, but others were just odd.  I also liked that there were pictures of the artists from the 70s when they were all working together and current pictures taken when the exhibition opened.    

British Museum Archives

British Museum Archives

Librarian/Archivist- Stephanie Clarke

The archives for the British Museum are housed under the actual museum.  It is a collection of the Historical records of the museum, which included lists of trustees, secretarial minutes from past meetings, photos, plans, and old staff records.  Clarke is the first archivist the museum has ever hired.  She has had the task of going through all of the material and trying to sort it correctly.  There is no working catalogue in the archives, just an excel spreadsheet with all of the holdings listed on it. 

The archives have some really interesting pieces.  All of the original notes and letters from when the museum was opened through the 1990s are housed in the archives.  There are some 5,000 photos of past collections and galleries as they looked in 1950s, though the 1980s.  Job Applications from 1850-1950 are held here as well.  The staff has many people, interested in their genealogy, come in or email them with questions about these applications. 

The British Museum opened its doors to the public in 1759 in what was then Montagu House.  The archives have documents dating from 1694, before the museum even owned the building with signatures and seals still intact.  The plans for the current building, built in 1851, can also be found in the archives. 

The thing I found most interesting though was the records from the Reading Room.  In its beginnings, access to the reading room was very exclusive and restrictive.  To gain access, one had to apply and send reference letters proving they were upstanding and would not damage the collection.  The archives has all of the applications from 1890-1970 which amounts to about 5,000 potential readers.  The applications of people like Karl Marx, T.S. Elliot, Beatrix Potter, and Bram Stoker can still be seen today.  The applications from before 1890 were lost, but the rooms sign in registry was preserved.  It has the signatures of everyone who entered the room, when they entered, and their address. 

Barbican Center Library

Barbican Center Library

When the Nazi’s bombed London during WWII, the easiest way for them to navigate the city was to look for certain landmarks.  The heart of London sits on a curve in the Thames, which is easily sited from the air.  Once they found the city, they would aim for notable landmarks, one of these happened to be St. Paul’s Cathedral.  Luckily, the Cathedral survived the bombings with only slight damage.  But, the neighborhood around the Cathedral was completely demolished.  The city of London had a difficult time deciding what to build on this site.  Eventually, they build the Barbican Center.  It is a complex of apartment buildings arranged around a large community center.  As a gift to the citizens, in 1964, the city of London gave the people the first full-service reference library open to the public. 

The library is one of only three lending public libraries in the City of London.  The local population it serves is quite small, but since the center is so centrally located, it is used by many people from all over the city.   

The Barbican Library is home to two very interesting collections.  The London Collection is made up of about 8,000 books; its oldest book is from 1742 and is still in circulation.  The Collection is made up of books whose central theme is London.  One of the largest music libraries in London is also housed in this same complex.  It is a separate institution, with its own staff and was not created until the 1980s.  According to the librarian, it has the largest collection of DVDs and CDs in the country.  They also have two keyboards that users can rent for one hour segments to play.   

I thought the Unsigned London section in the Music Library was very interesting.  Musicians that have not signed with major recording labels can give copies of their CDs to the library for the public to check-out.  The thing I found most interesting at this library though, was the RFID tags in use.  It is an electronic radio chip placed in all of the books, CDs, and DVDs in the libraries.  To check items out, users scan their library cards at a kiosk and then place their books on a shelf in the machine... no librarian needed.  We were informed that this is common practice in the UK. 

St. Paul's Cathedral Library

St. Paul’s Cathedral Library

Joseph Wisdom-Librarian

St. Paul’s Cathedral, as we see it today, was completed in 1710 by the architect Christopher Wren.  The former Cathedral was destroyed in the fire of London in 1665.  The library at St. Paul’s was opened in 1720 and is located on the triforium level, located between the ground floor and the dome floor, of the church.  Wren had originally designed two rooms to be used for libraries, hoping that perhaps one library would serve as the official British Library, but only one of the rooms is used as the library.  The other room houses Wren’s great model of the Cathedral. 

I was surprised to see that this level of the church has become somewhat of a storage facility.  There are two old preaching podiums, many stone remnants from the Cathedral that was destroyed in the fire, and various pieces of art. 

Much of the city of London was destroyed by fire, including the original library, which was not in the actual cathedral.  Only 10 books and 3 manuscripts survived the flames.  The current library has remained in the bell tower of St. Paul’s since its opening in 1720.  The only exception to this was WWII, when the library was moved to a cave in Whales to try and save the collection from bombs and fires.  All but one of the books returned from the cave.  The current library houses around 21,500 volumes. 

The library collection consists primarily of theological texts and texts related to the actual cathedral or people associated with the cathedral.  The bishop during the time of the rebuilding gave his personal library of about 2,000 books to the library, and so it became commonplace for the library to inherit personal libraries from deceased clergy in the area.  The library today still acquires new books, but not very often and not in large number. 

I was surprised at how small the library seemed, but was impressed with the texts it held.  They have a copy of the King James Bible that is over 400 years old and a book of Psalms that survived the fire that I found to be beautiful.   I got the impression that it is difficult for the public to gain access to the collection.  But, there are plans to open this level and the library to the public.